2L-3L Upper Level Lesson Topics

Airport categories can be split into two types, public-use and private use. At the same time airport ownership is broken into two categories as well, private ownership and public ownership. However, airport categories and ownership do not line up along the same lines - there exist privately owned, public use airports. This lesson seeks to distinguish between public and private ownership of airports as well as their powers available to each.

This lesson addresses two general questions covered in a typical administrative law course: (1) under what circumstances does the federal Administrative Procedure Act authorize judicial review of claims that an agency's inaction violates the Administrative Procedure Act; and (2) what is the scope of judicial review of such claims?

This lesson discusses how lawyers should respond to audit inquiry letters, which ask lawyers to provide information concerning legal matters to a client's auditors. The lesson focuses on the American Bar Association's Statement of Policy Regarding Lawyer's Responses to Auditors' Requests for Information. No knowledge of accounting is necessary to complete this lesson.

This lesson discusses how to account for contingencies, uncertain future gains and losses. A basic understanding of financial statements and the essential ideas underlying accrual accounting is helpful before undertaking this lesson.

Credit cards allow the cardholder to make purchases without using cash since the purchases are made with debt. The terms of the lending arrangement are governed by the agreement between the cardholder and the issuer, but federal regulations play an important part. In this lesson we will look at issuance of credit cards, disclosure requirements, use of credit cards, and the risk of error and loss on credit cards.

This lesson addresses two questions: (1) What is a negotiable instrument? (2) Why does it matter if something is a negotiable instrument? This lesson can be used to introduce you to the topic of negotiable instruments and to these two subjects. It can also be used to review and reinforce knowledge you have already acquired.

This Aviation lesson explores the liability of air traffic controllers when damage is caused under the direction of these federal employees.

This lesson will teach you the sometimes confusing rules governing negotiation of instruments under Article 3 of the UCC. Among other things, you will learn what one needs to do to become a holder of an instrument, how instruments are negotiated, and what is necessary for an effective indorsement. If you are already familiar with this material, the lesson can be completed quickly, giving you a good pre-exam review and pointing out any weaknesses in your knowledge.

This lesson discusses the lower-of-cost-or-market rule that sometimes requires the book value of inventory to be reduced to its market value. Before taking this lesson, you should already be familiar with the basic accounting rules that govern inventory. Another lesson, Inventory and the Cost of Goods Sold, covers those basic concepts.

This lesson discusses the accounting treatment of inventory: how to value inventory on the balance sheet, inventory as an expense (the cost of goods sold), and different methods of determining the cost of goods sold.

This lesson discusses the different methods of calculating depreciation expense. Students who take this lesson should already be familiar with the basic concept of depreciation. If you are not, you should first take the companion lesson, An Introduction to Depreciation.

This lesson is an introduction to the basic concept of depreciation. It discusses depreciation as an expense, how to determine the cost, or basis, of an asset, and the balance sheet treatment of depreciable assets. It does not discuss the different methods of depreciation. That is dealt with in another lesson, Methods of Depreciation.

This lesson discusses 49 U.S.C. sec. 46504, providing for civil and criminal penalties for passengers who intimidate pilots or flight attendants.

Bank debit cards (sometimes called bank cards or ATM cards) may look like credit cards, but they do not typically have the same features or provide the same protections against loss. Debit cards are associated with a checking (or savings) account owned by the customer. In this lesson we will look at issuance of debit cards, disclosure requirements, imposition of overdraft fees, and the handling of errors and losses on debit cards.

This lesson covers the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in enforcing the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR), known formally as Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Title 14 CFR has numerous parts that are organized by category of operation; that is, categories include: pilots and instructors, aircraft operators, aircraft manufacturers, and space transportation.

This lesson takes a look at the treatment of damaged and destroyed goods and how the U.C.C. allocates the risk of loss for such occurrences. Since casualties to goods do occur, there must be a mechanism for determining which party will suffer the loss. The party which will suffer the loss is said to bear the risk of loss of the goods. This lesson sets out the basic rules for determining which party bears the risk of loss in sales transactions in cases where there is no breach (UCC 2-509) and examines the effect of breach on the allocation of risk (UCC 2-510).

This is the sixth in a series of lessons, by this author, covering the basics of negotiable instruments law. It explains the obligations that one incurs by becoming a party to a negotiable instrument, whether as a maker, drawer, indorser, or acceptor.

The General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (GARA) has reshaped the landscape of tort law in American, non-commercial aviation. This lesson provides an overview of the statute of repose under GARA as well as some of the defining case law and limitations of the Act.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is not normally associated with aviation jurisdiction other than perhaps the issuance of radiotelephone station/operator licenses. However, the FCC is an independent Federal Agency which has been entitled by Congress to regulate and enforce a broad range of aviation matters.

This lesson discusses the statutory basis for aviation accident investigations. The discussion centers around case studies of two aviation accident investigations. A comparison is drawn between federal statutes and regulations enabling aviation accident investigations and civil actions of the same cases. The lesson contains a number of questions and exercises to help the student synthesize the content presented.

This lesson will cover how to research the constitutions of countries besides the United States.

This is the last of five CALI lessons on climate change. It explores the ways in which litigants and agencies have tried to use existing federal environmental statutes -- the Clean Air Act, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Endangered Species Act, and the Clean Water Act -- to address climate change.

This lesson examines dangerous dog laws and their interaction with the Fourteenth Amendment's procedural due process requirement. It is the final lesson in a series of three examining this part of the law. This lesson does not require any prior knowledge of animal laws or dangerous dog laws. While some general knowledge of due process might be helpful, it is not necessary or required.

This lesson is part 2 in a series examining dangerous dog laws and their interaction with the Fourteenth Amendment's procedural due process requirement, specifically void-for-vagueness challenges. This lesson does not require any prior knowledge of animal laws or dangerous dog laws. While some general knowledge of due process might be helpful, it is not necessary or required.